Nobel Prizes are awarded by Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann, and Georg Nagel

Reason for Award: Awarded jointly "for their discoveries concerning light-gated ion channels and optogenetics." Hegemann and Nagel discovered the light-sensitive protein channelrhodopsin, and Deisseroth subsequently adapted it as a light-controlled switch for nerve cells, transforming the study of the brain. PhysicsRecipient: Francis Halzen Reason for Award: Awarded "for decisive contributions to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and the discovery of high-energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin." Recipient: Francis Halzen Reason for Award: Awarded "for decisive contributions to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and the discovery of high-energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin."